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Chapter List
- Introduction to Agronomy
- Crops and Their Classification
- Seeds and Seed Quality
- Sowing Time, Seed Rate and Sowing Depth
- Sowing Methods and Seed Establishment
- Tillage and Tilth
- Crop Density and Planting Geometry
- Crop Nutrition and Essential Plant Nutrients
- Functions and Deficiency of Plant Nutrients
- Nutrient Absorption by Plants
- Manures and Organic Sources of Nutrients
- Fertilizers and Biofertilizers
- Nutrient Use Efficiency and Integrated Nutrient Management
- Green Manuring
- Water Management in Crop Production
- Soil Moisture and Soil Moisture Constants
- Weeds and Weed Management
- Agroclimatic Zones and Cropping Systems
- Sustainable Crop Production and Natural Resource Conservation
- Allelopathy, Crop Growth and Development
Syllabus
Theory Agronomy and its scope: Definition, meaning and scope of Agronomy; art, science and business of crop production, relation of Agronomy with other disciplines of Agricultural Science, fields crops and classification, importance, ecology and ecosystem. Seeds and sowing: Definitions of crops, variety and seed. Factors affecting crop stands establishment: good quality seed, proper tillage, time of sowing seed rate, depth and method of sowing: broadcasting, drilling, dibbling, transplanting etc. Tillage and tilth: Definition, objectives, types, advantages and disadvantages of tillage including conservation tillage. Crop density and geometry: plant geometry and planting geometry, its effect on growth, yield. Crop nutrition: Definition of essential nutrients, criteria of essentiality, functional elements, classification of essential nutrients, role of macro and micro nutrients. Nutrient absorption, active and passive absorption of nutrients, forms of plant nutrients absorbed by plants, Combined /uncombined forms. Manures and fertilizers, nutrient use efficiency: Sources of nutrients: Inorganic (fertilizers), organic (manures) and bio-fertilizers; their classification and characteristics, method of preparation and role of organic manures in crop production. Integrated Nutrient Management (INM): Meaning, different approaches and advantages of INM. Green manure- role in crop production: Definition, objectives types of green manuring, desirable characteristics, advantages and limitations of green manuring. Water management: Water resources of the world, India and the state; Soil Moisture constants: gravitational water, capillary water, hygroscopic water, Soil moisture constants. Weeds: Definition, Importance and basics of classification of weeds and their control. Agroclimatic zones of India and the state, cropping systems: Factors affecting cropping systems, major cropping patterns and systems in the country. Sustainable crop production: Definition, importance and practices, natural resources and conservation pollution and pollutants, Allelopathy: Meaning and importance in crop production, Growth and development of crops: Definition, Meaning and factors affecting growth and development.
Frequently Asked Questions.
1. What is Agronomy?
Agronomy is the science and practice of crop production and soil management.
2. What is a crop?
A crop is a plant cultivated on a large scale for food, feed, fibre, oil or other purposes.
3. What is seed?
A seed is a mature reproductive structure capable of producing a new plant.
4. What is sowing?
Sowing is the placement of seeds in soil under suitable conditions for germination and establishment.
5. What is tillage?
Tillage is the mechanical manipulation of soil for crop production.
6. What is tilth?
Tilth is the physical condition of soil in relation to its suitability for crop growth.
7. What is crop density?
Crop density is the number of plants present per unit area of land.
8. What are essential plant nutrients?
Essential plant nutrients are elements required by plants for normal growth and completion of their life cycle.
9. What are macronutrients?
Macronutrients are essential nutrients required by plants in relatively large amounts.
10. What are micronutrients?
Micronutrients are essential nutrients required by plants in very small amounts.
11. What is nutrient absorption?
Nutrient absorption is the uptake of nutrients by plants, mainly through their roots.
12. What is manure?
Manure is organic material added to soil to supply nutrients and improve soil properties.
13. What is a fertilizer?
A fertilizer is a material used to supply one or more essential plant nutrients.
14. What are biofertilizers?
Biofertilizers are preparations containing beneficial microorganisms that improve nutrient availability or acquisition.
15. What is Integrated Nutrient Management?
INM is the balanced use of fertilizers, organic manures and biological nutrient sources.
16. What is green manuring?
Green manuring is the practice of growing and incorporating green plant biomass into the soil.
17. What is soil moisture?
Soil moisture is the water present in the soil.
18. What is a weed?
A weed is an unwanted plant growing where it is not desired.
19. What is a cropping system?
A cropping system is the pattern and sequence of crops grown on a piece of land over time.
20. What is sustainable crop production?
Sustainable crop production produces crops while conserving natural resources and protecting environmental quality.
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Last Updated: August 2026
