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Molecular Breeding and Bioinformatics — Chapter List
- Chapter 1: Introduction to Molecular Breeding
- Chapter 2: Genotyping and Molecular Markers
- Chapter 3: DNA-Based Molecular Markers
- Chapter 4: Functional Markers
- Chapter 5: Mapping Populations
- Chapter 6: Molecular Mapping and Linkage Analysis
- Chapter 7: Statistical Tools in Marker Analysis
- Chapter 8: Allele Mining and Marker-Assisted Selection
- Chapter 9: QTL Analysis in Crop Plants
- Chapter 10: Marker-Assisted Backcross Breeding
- Chapter 11: Genomics-Assisted Breeding
- Chapter 12: Gene Pyramiding and Essentially Derived Varieties (EDVs)
- Chapter 13: Comparative Genomics
- Chapter 14: Large-Scale Genome Sequencing
- Chapter 15: Major Genome Projects
- Chapter 16: Introduction to Proteomics
- Chapter 17: Protein Separation and Sequencing
- Chapter 18: Nanotechnology in Crop Improvement
- Chapter 19: Recombinant DNA Technology
- Chapter 20: Transgenes and Gene Transfer
- Chapter 21: Methods of Plant Transformation
- Chapter 22: Transgenic Crops and Commercial Releases
- Chapter 23: Biotechnology in Male Sterility and Hybrid Breeding
- Chapter 24: Molecular Farming
- Chapter 25: Tissue Culture in Molecular Breeding
- Chapter 26: MOs, GMOs and Related Issues
- Chapter 27: Biosafety and Regulatory Framework of GMOs
- Chapter 28: Ethical, Legal, Social Issues and Intellectual Property Rights
Syllabus
Content: Genotyping; Biochemical and Molecular markers; Morphological, biochemical and DNA-based markers (RFLP, RAPD, AFLP, SSR, SNPs, ESTs, etc.), Functional markers; Mapping populations (F2s, back crosses, RILs, NILs and DH); Molecular mapping and tagging of agronomically important traits; Statistical tools in marker analysis. Allele mining; Marker-assisted selection for qualitative and quantitative traits; QTLs analysis in crop plants; Marker-assisted backcross breeding for rapid introgression; Genomics- assisted breeding; Generation of EDVs; Gene pyramiding. Introduction to Comparative Genomics; Large scale genome sequencing strategies; Human genome project; Arabidopsis genome project; Rice genome project; Comparative genomics tools; Introduction to proteomics; 2D gel electrophoresis; chromatography and sequencing by Edman degradation and mass spectrometry; Endopeptidases; Nanotechnology and its applications in crop improvement. Recombinant DNA technology, transgenes, method of transformation, selectable markers and clean transformation techniques, vector-mediated gene transfer, physical methods of gene transfer; Production of transgenic plants in various field crops: cotton, wheat, maize, rice, soybean, oilseeds, sugarcane, etc. and commercial releases; Biotechnology applications in male sterility/ hybrid breeding, molecular farming; Application of Tissue culture in molecular breeding; MOs and related issues (risk and regulations); GMO; International regulations, biosafety issues of GMOs; Regulatory procedures in major countries including India, ethical, legal and social issues; Intellectual property rights; Introduction to bioinformatics: bioinformatics tools, biological data bases (primary and secondary), implications in crop improvement.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. What is molecular breeding?
Molecular breeding is the use of molecular markers and genomic information to improve crop varieties.
2. What are molecular markers?
Molecular markers are identifiable DNA variations used to track genes or genomic regions.
3. What is MAS?
MAS stands for Marker-Assisted Selection, where molecular markers are used to select desirable plants.
4. What is a QTL?
QTL stands for Quantitative Trait Locus, a genomic region associated with variation in a quantitative trait.
5. What is allele mining?
Allele mining is the identification of useful genetic variants from diverse germplasm.
6. What is marker-assisted backcross breeding?
It is backcross breeding supported by molecular markers to transfer and select desirable genes efficiently.
7. What is foreground selection?
Foreground selection identifies plants carrying the desired target gene or QTL.
8. What is background selection?
Background selection helps recover the genetic background of the recurrent parent.
9. What is gene pyramiding?
Gene pyramiding is the combination of two or more desirable genes in a single genotype.
10. What is linkage drag?
Linkage drag is the unwanted transfer of genomic regions linked to a desirable gene.
11. What is genomics-assisted breeding?
It is the use of genome-wide information and genomic tools to accelerate crop improvement.
12. What is comparative genomics?
Comparative genomics involves comparing genomes to study similarities, differences and evolution.
13. What are orthologs?
Orthologs are related genes in different species that originated through speciation.
14. What are paralogs?
Paralogs are related genes that originated through gene duplication.
15. What is genome sequencing?
Genome sequencing determines the nucleotide sequence of an organism's genome.
16. What is genome assembly?
Genome assembly reconstructs a genome sequence from sequencing reads.
17. What is NGS?
NGS means Next-Generation Sequencing, a high-throughput method for sequencing large amounts of DNA.
18. What is a SNP?
SNP stands for Single Nucleotide Polymorphism, a variation at a single nucleotide position.
19. What is proteomics?
Proteomics is the large-scale study of proteins produced by an organism or biological system.
20. What is 2D gel electrophoresis?
It is a technique used to separate proteins based on their isoelectric point and molecular mass.
21. What is recombinant DNA technology?
It is a technique for combining DNA molecules from different sources.
22. What is a transgenic plant?
A transgenic plant contains an introduced gene or genetic construct from another source.
23. What is plant transformation?
Plant transformation is the introduction of foreign or modified genetic material into plant cells.
24. What is Agrobacterium-mediated transformation?
It is a plant transformation method that uses Agrobacterium to deliver DNA into plant cells.
25. What is a selectable marker?
A selectable marker helps identify cells that have successfully received the desired genetic construct.
26. What is GMO?
GMO stands for Genetically Modified Organism, whose genetic material has been deliberately altered using biotechnology.
27. What is biosafety?
Biosafety involves measures used to assess and manage potential risks associated with biotechnology and GM organisms.
28. What is bioinformatics?
Bioinformatics is the use of computational methods to store, analyze and interpret biological data.
29. What are biological databases?
Biological databases are organized collections of biological information such as DNA, RNA and protein sequences.
30. How does bioinformatics help crop improvement?
Bioinformatics helps in gene discovery, sequence analysis, marker development, genome analysis and identification of useful genes.
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Last Updated: August 2026
